Centroid

The centroid of a country (or area) can de defined in multiple ways. On the earth surface it is more useful to speak of the geographical center. It is possible to find lists of these centers for area's on earth.

One quickly realises that these centers are not (always) good enough. Either they are in a location far away from population centers, or they fall in between a set of islands, etc. So we need to come up with a better estimate.

Any better estimate must reflect what we intend to achieve in the first place. We are talking about transportation and its impact. So we talk about distances, mode of transportation, the amount transported and the impact of it all. Any centroid should take this into account.

If we know only the country a product is bought in, we can either assumes the worst or the best. The worst is the maximum impact and the best the minimum impact. The minimum impact will imply transportation from the most centered location in a country.

What is now the most centered location? The distances to all other locations should be small as possible. And the usage of these distances should be as small as possible. This will take into account the population sizes of all the locations.